Blown capacitor

Blown capacitor. If it is zero ohms with a known ground point then it will be a decoupling capacitor. This especially for air conditioners installed on rooftops. You may notice the capacitor casing swelling or bulging, and it may feel excessively hot to the touch. Power surges. Make sure to connect the capacitor's + end to the positive side of the circuit, or the capacitor could eventually cause a short or even explode. Feb 26, 2023 · Steps to Identify Capacitor Wires and Terminals: Step 1: Turn off the power supply to the pool pump. Capacitors don't have to be bloated in order to be bad. Aug 3, 2022 · 🚫 Your Bad AC Capacitor Looks Like It Died. Like the one in the pic! 📗 Related Reading: 6 Common Causes of AC Compressor Failure. 👍 In this video, I’m going to show you how to replace bulging capacitors on a motherboard, why it should be done, and when it’s worth doing it. Some people say it smells like ammonia. When voltage is applied to the electrolytic capacitor, the electric field creates a current in the electrolyte. If the fan has stopped spinning on your AC unit even when it’s turned on, a bad capacitor may be to blame. amazon. Bad Capacitors – When the probes are properly connected and the meter stays near 0 or doesn’t move at all, it’s time to pick up a replacement run capacitor for your system. AC unit is tripping its circuit breaker. In some cases, you may also catch a whiff of a strange odor. Method 1: Visual inspection. I cleaned the inside and lubed some connectors with the Deoxit, (thanks for that life saving juice) along the way I inadvertently destroyed a potentiometer on the card for the capstain motor. Signs Your Capacitor is Failing. Return the breaker to the breaker box, turn the main power on, and turn on the thermostat. Special Cases – Capacitors with Resistors: Some capacitors have a resistor bridged across their terminals Jul 14, 2023 · The capacitor is a vital component of the air compressor, and if it’s not working properly, the compressor won’t be able to function properly. This particular capacitor has a capacitance of 220μF (micro farad) with a tolerance of 20%. Mar 18, 2017 · When you connect such capacitor to the AC mains you are alternately subjecting the component to a positive peak of the 311V and then -311V at a rate of some 50 or 60 times per second. Step 3: If the schematic diagram is missing or unclear, use a multimeter to determine the capacitor’s terminals’ polarity. Simply heat up the solder, hold the tip of the sucker near and push the trigger. In a sense, it acts like a battery, providing the power needed to keep the system running. Thanks for watching! Leave a comment about your favorite part, fee Nov 10, 2005 · If a brownish residue oozes from the base, the capacitor is bad. i tried replacing the cap but my cpu no longer worked im guessing it was due to damage from "dirty" power being fed into it Jul 9, 2023 · I replaced the blown capacitor with the newer version and it works great. Attach each wire to the new capacitor in the same configuration as the old capacitor. To test a capacitor with a voltmeter, you need to: Disconnect the capacitor from the circuit and discharge it. Mar 4, 2020 · Figure 1 – Bulging Electrolytic Capacitor. Charge the capacitor with a known voltage less than, but close to, its rated voltage. To check capacitors in proper ways, you will be needing Aug 4, 2020 · Many of our service calls are very simple: a blown capacitor. Feb 2, 2021 · We show how to replace some blown capacitors in an AC to DC adapter. If the capacitor has a bulging bottom or a lifted case, it is bad. Jan 19, 2023 · Here are the symptoms of a bad AC capacitor: Capacitor is swollen. [4] If there is no + or -, you can orient the capacitor either way. g. When starting a new thread, please put the make AND model of your device in the thread title. Wire in the remaining capacitor wires using the same method: match the wires by color. A bad run capacitor deprives the motor of the full voltage it needs to operate correctly. The capacitor’s case is burnt or melted. When they fail, the circuits that contain them no longer perform as designed – most Aug 16, 2023 · Common Causes of Capacitor Burnouts: Over voltage: Applying a voltage higher than the capacitor’s rated voltage can cause internal breakdown, leading to burnout. The odor can be similar to that of burnt electronics or may have a Apr 12, 2019 · Capacitor plague was a result of defective electrolytic capacitors made between 1999 and 2007, with the first problems showing up sometime around 2002. AC condenser fan is not spinning. Sep 29, 2023 · Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to test a capacitor in-circuit: Note: Ensure that the circuit is de-energized and disconnected from the power source before attempting to test the capacitor. To test a capacitor by DMM (Digital Multimeter) in the Resistance “Ω” or Ohm mode, follow the steps given below. This is a dead giveaway (pun intended). Extremely high outdoor temperatures. Let’s get started. Oct 27, 2023 · One of the main ways that bad capacitors can affect the overall performance of a motherboard is by causing instability. If the PCB does not works fine, then replace the bridge rectifier, also. AC capacitors will often bulge or have cracks in them when they fail. -The air compressor is running but not building pressure. Set the Multimeter knob to Ohm (unit of Resistance) or the Greek letter omega (*), as shown in Figure 1. Jan 18, 2024 · When the capacitor of a microwave fails or stops working, then the microwave will stop working correctly. Ceiling Fan Motor Capacitor Replacement: Wire Nut. Use needle-nose pliers with an insulated handle to remove wires. If this happens, disconnect the device from the power outlet. Aug 26, 2023 · To check for a bad capacitor: Place one probe on “C” and the other on the capacitor’s outer metal casing. Sep 29, 2023 · A faulty ceiling fan capacitor can exhibit several symptoms: Fan runs slowly or not at all on all speeds. Also, use a 12v AC source (not 18vAC). Jun 2, 2021 · A user asks how to improve a wall wart circuit that keeps blowing electrolytic capacitors. Because sometimes even a good looking capacitor is actually a bad capacitor. Some displays use an external "brick" and have a 12V DC power plug. Testing for Shorts from the Terminals to the Casing on a Capacitor. Why does the fuse blow or the circuit breaker trip when the AC’s capacitor goes bad? When the capacitor goes bad, the respective component in the AC does not have enough energy to start up. ) Techwalla dives deeper into these symptoms. As with any electrical appliance, the capacitor can short circuit and burn. A lumpy top or even an Dec 8, 2014 · After you clean the PCB using Brian's instructions, replace the cap with a 25v rating (not 16v). Use a screwdriver with an insulated handle. Open the access panel to the furnace using a screwdriver. Disconnect the capacitor from the circuit it is part of. This can manifest as crackling, popping, or fuzzy Oct 8, 2023 · The well pump capacitor is an essential component of a well pump system. com/gp/product/B08K3928G1/ This does sound like a bad caps on the inverter section of the power board. Humming Noise from Outdoor Unit. Diminished Airflow: A bad capacitor can also lead to reduced airflow from the vents, as the fan motor may not function correctly. The polarized plates in the electrolytic capacitor very quickly break down under these conditions and can lead to an internal short. 1. May 21, 2024 · Method 1. In some cases, physical signs can indicate a bad capacitor. When plugging in the device to the charger the charging light comes on but the battery never gets fully charged as the light remains on orange. -The air compressor is making strange Feb 28, 2024 · Use a screwdriver to open your machine and locate the capacitor. Dielectric breakdown. Make sure the capacitor is fully discharged. To do this test, We take the ohmmeter and place the probes across the leads of the capacitor. twist the wire leads together. Checking the capacitor’s resistance will tell us if it’s in working order. Of course that’s also most likely to occur Several things can cause the capacitor in a garage door opener to fail. The unit for capacitance is the farad, which is abbreviated with a capital “F. Thank goodness for ebay where I got an exact replacement. Apr 6, 2023 · 4. Example HVAC Dual Capacitor On Amazon. Two conductive plates are separated by a dielectric substance in capacitors. This will help with your basic furnace maintenance. A/C Fuses. What Causes These Bad AC Capacitor Symptoms? A capacitor is an electrical component that helps to store and release energy in an AC system. Jan 27, 2023 · Overheating: Capacitors can overheat when they are failing or under excessive stress. Mar 13, 2024 · Capacitors go through a cycle of charging and discharging. 2. If you see any of these signs, then your capacitor has probably failed and needs to be replaced. Jun 15, 2022 · How to Easily Detect a Failed CapacitorIn this video, I talked about 3 types of failure in the electrolytic capacitors and how to detect them. When a capacitor leaks or fails, it can cause the voltage supplied to the motherboard to fluctuate, which can cause the computer to freeze or crash. We specialize in comprehensive Apr 2, 2023 · A blown fuse or a tripped circuit breaker is a symptom of a bad capacitor in an AC. Repeat this for the FAN terminal and the HERM terminal. Dec 8, 2023 · Call (818) 797-7917 for Furnace Inspection and Repair! If you’re experiencing issues with your furnace, particularly a bad blower motor capacitor, call Season Control HVAC at (818) 797-7917. 3. Most displays, especially larger ones, have an AC plug (wall outlet). AC blower is not working. secure the wires by twisting on a wire nut. Jan 22, 2012 · The PITA is obtaining the right capacitors (see specs above). Experts suggest checking the voltage, temperature, current, and quality of the capacitors and the power supply. Lean close to the housing of the furnace blower, and listen for a loud humming sound. Please comment and as A capacitor for a residential-sized unit should be relatively cheap, and you may consider buying a second one for backup while you are there, along with a couple of spare time-delay fuses (but be sure to buy the right size fuse). If we read a very low resistance (near 0Ω) across the capacitor, we know the capacitor is May 18, 2007 · How To Recognize Flawed Capacitors. MAXRUN 55+5 MFD uf 370 or 440 Volt VAC Round Dual Run Capacitor for Air Conditioner or Heat Pump Condenser – 55/5 Microfarad Runs AC Motor and Fan – 5 Year Warranty. Check the capacitor after confirming that the machine is getting power and -- after unplugging the machine -- to ensure the belt is intact and in place. It will coat the insides of the equipment with dark soot. The electrolyte is usually an acidic solution. AC unit is making a humming noise. Look for bulging, broken solder seals, and signs of corrosion such as white or black spots on the body of the capacitor. the blown cap was near the CPU so i was guessing it was a filter cap for the power supply to the CPU. Additionally, disconnect all other cables like USB cords. Certain speeds are slow or do not work. Jan 16, 2024 · 2. If you hear a humming noise from your AC, or if it is hesitant to start, your capacitor may be failing. A blown capacitor can lose its capacitance when the dielectric fluid dries up or when the plates within the coil short out. It might be swollen from the top or bottom side. Troubleshooting TVs and Video Sources. Unsolder the capacitors, from bottom side (use a solder sucker or wick). Use your digital multimeter (DMM) to ensure all power to the circuit is OFF. The Air Conditioner turns off on its own. A bad capacitor is just one possibility if the machine won't start at all; other possibilities include a blown fuse or breaker shutoff, a broken belt or a burned-out motor. The bad capacitor may instead bulge at the bottom if the gas pressure doesn’t break the top vent. May 18, 2007 · New capacitors come with a longer-legged plus pole. Bad smells are coming from the AC. But 90% of the time the caps are physically blown or leaking. In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. It has a voltage rating of 160V. Sometimes it’s possible to see a bad capacitor just by looking at the circuit board. As the capacitor contains only a few grams of the Method 1. ” Checking For Failed Capacitors. Mar 30, 2023 · A blown capacitor can cause your generator to stop working, so it’s important to be able to test and replace them when necessary. One of the most common signs of a microwave with a bad capacitor is a microwave that stops heating food properly. Number one, of course, is a marking on the capacitor itself. Of course having it repaired free is better. Smoke – You might have visual evidence of an electrical burnout. This answer describes these causes. It consists of two metal plates (the conductors) separated by a layer of electrolyte (the dielectric). Shut off the power to your air conditioning system at the breaker panel. Prone to capacitor plague. Bad AC capacitor symptoms are commonly caused by: Overheated system circuitry. Most technicians have seen the tale-tell signs – bulging, chemical leaks, and even tops that have blown off. AC unit is shutting down randomly. Connect the Multimeter leads to the capacitor terminals again, ensuring that the red one is on the positive and the black one is on the negative. You might need These Videos are all part of our Training Series on HVACR Service, Installation, Preventative Maintenance, General Knowledge, and Tips. Remove connections and power supply board. This is a sign of an electrical problem with the capacitor. Fan will not start but will spin if started by hand. Ive tried numerous button configurations Oct 7, 2022 · I’ve blown tubes and large capacitors on various electronics and it has always followed the pattern of magic smoke, bad smell, thing stops working. The air conditioner seems slow to start. Sep 1, 2023 · A highly common and very noticeable symptom of a bad AC capacitor is physical signs of bulging or leaking dielectric material from the housing of the capacitor. Step 5. Jan 19, 2013 · The capacitor isn't BLOWN up, it's just two of them have a tiny pin hole and are slightly bulged. Even without the physical signs, that it turns on for a few seconds screams bad caps. Step 2. So a capacitor which has failed can show bulging at the top. So, to make sure we have good capacitors. Jun 18, 2023 · Check the multimeter reading and observe how it changes over time. Check the capacitor’s voltage rating. Aug 26, 2023 · However, not all blown capacitors produce a noticeable smell, particularly if the failure is due to internal faults rather than thermal events. In the heat of the summer, blown capacitors and fuses are a very common cause of air conditioner breakdowns. Proper AC service can determine the root of the issue before any other steps are taken. The first resistance reading that appears on display should be noted. Humming Noise. Our capacity gauge shows 1000µF, indicating that this capacitor retains full capacity. As industry leaders in electronics repair, we have dedicated ourselves to providing reliable, efficient, and cost-effective solutions to restore your devices to their optimal performance. Without a functioning capacitor, the pump Check the shape of the capacitor. Set the meter on the Ohmic range (Set it at least on 1000 Ohm = 1kΩ). Listen to your AC system when you turn it on. Step 2: Remove the capacitor’s housing and locate the schematic diagram. The AC does not turn on. Oct 12, 2023 · To order a replacement for this capacitor, it would be 55+5 MFD (uf) and 440 volts AC Dual Run Capacitor. But electrical overheating can be caused by the unit running too hard for too long. Lightning strikes. After removing the back, you need to unscrew the power unit. Oozing Fluid – This can be present around the capacitor and circuit board. Jul 18, 2021 · In [Zak Kemble]’s case, a bad cap caused his Samsung HT-C460 Home Cinema System to simply display “PROT” then turn itself off. Locate the capacitor: The capacitor is usually located near the CPU socket. The most common method for this is using a solder sucker. It could be the cause of the intermittent issue. Moreover, the colour of the capacitor may change, or you would see the leaking electrolyte. Test a Capacitor using Digital Multimeter – Resistance Mode. Smoke. Our team is equipped to diagnose and resolve any furnace problems, ensuring your home remains warm and comfortable. Repeat this for the “FAN” and “HERM” terminals. Failing aluminum electrolytic capacitors can have significantly adverse effects on electronic circuits. Identify the Capacitor’s Pins. The AC produces a humming sound. Learn How to check bad Capacitors in circuit boards with ESR and Fluke multimeter, ESR meter reading is ohms and Fluke capacitor reads microfarads uf mf of a Sep 7, 2018 · Step 1. The various factors that can cause capacitor explosion are given below. Short circuits in the cooling system. This guide shows a display with an AC plug. Here are some bad ac capacitor symptoms: -The air compressor is taking longer than usual to start up. Capacitors are essential components in electronic devices. Equipment wear and tear. Distortion at high volumes: Another indication of capacitor failure is the presence of distortion, particularly at higher volume levels. It is clearly labeled, e. Capacitor plague. 5. It might last 3 days. Microwave Not Heating Food Properly. Locate the capacitor within the circuit and identify its terminals. Step 4. A burning smell. Common Symptoms of Bad Capacitors in Electronics. Please help support my channel:Soldering kithttps://www. Keep an eye out for these signs that your capacitor is about to go, including: Burning Smell – This is a distinct, acrid electrical smell. Turn up the thermostat for the furnace, and wait for the furnace blower to start up. The electrolyte discharge can also be larger covering the top of the cap with a dried substance which can be black, orange, brown, white or a similar colour. Apr 27, 2022 · If the fan spins freely, you just “kick started” the unit which means the start capacitor has failed or is failing. This guide will teach you everything you need to know about your capacitor for generator, including how they work, types of capacitors, their failure modes, how to test them, and how to fix them if they go bad. Dell has used subtandard caps for the last decade. The motor hums and turns freely by hand but will not spin. Following are the easy methods that you can use to tell if you have a bad or good capacitor. Read the capacitance value on the outside of the capacitor. Open your laptop’s case using your specific laptop’s motherboard replacement guide, which can be found on Take your new capacitor out of the box and affix the metal strap around it so that it is affixed to the AC unit. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, [1] a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone. The orientation doesn't matter, because resistance isn't polarized. Look for a black or grey box with a screw or clip holding it in place. Finally, a burning smell from the blower compartment is another possible indication of a bad blower motor capacitor. To check for faulty or failed capacitors, use the following instructions. Feb 26, 2021 · Soldering Station, 65W Tilswall Solder Station Welding Iron with Smart Temperature Control (392°F-896°F), Extra 5pcs Soldering Tips, Built-in Transformer, Id Aug 25, 2022 · Below are the signs of a worn-out Air conditioning capacitor: The AC is not blowing cold air. Turn off your computer and remove the power cord from the power supply. Most likely the other parts were not damaged, but if they were, replace them as needed. Remove back back panel. It could very well be an AC coupling capacitor by the looks of the narrow traces. An exploded exterior reveals a broken capacitor. If there’s a reading indicating continuity, the capacitor is faulty. Overheating: Excessive heat, often due to high current or poor heat dissipation, can degrade the capacitor’s dielectric material and cause failure. Insert new capacitors and solder (observe correct +/- polarity). AC is not blowing cold. Jan 25, 2024 · The Capacitor Has a Visual Fault: A bulging top vent means the capacitor has failed; an electrolytic discharge breaks the top vent to prevent damage to nearby components. One reliable way to test a capacitor is to use the ohmmeter function of a multimeter. The capacitor stores electrical energy and releases it when needed, ensuring the pump starts quickly and efficiently. It comes from electrolytic chemicals burning inside the capacitor. An easy way to check would be to measure the resistance on the opposite pad to see if it's ground. To make sure you get things right, take a close look at the capacitor. Locate the power unit and remove any screws to access it. Determining the value a capacitor has can be accomplished in a few ways. Luckily, replacing the troublesome cap fixed everything, but By taking the capacitor's resistance, we can determine whether the capacitor is good or bad. AC Fan Stopped Working. [1] Make sure your device is unplugged and turned off before you find the capacitor. If you see these changes, go and change the capacitor at once. This can be accompanied by a tiny deposit of dried electrolyte in the middle of the top. (Even if the device is still working, these are signs of a failure to come. If you get a reading, indicating continuity, then the capacitor is bad. . with numerous "minus" symbols and an arrow How to test a blower fan run capacitor. Apr 12, 2022 · Put one probe on C and the other on the outer metal casing of the capacitor. Basically the laptop was restarted and I heard a electrical noise for a brief second. It is responsible for providing the necessary electrical energy to start the motor and keep it running smoothly. Step 3. [2] 2. This is the easy and most effect way to check for bad capacitors. Carefully pull the capacitor away from the motherboard. Using a Digital Multimeter With Capacitance Setting. If the capacitor has fully gone bad, the AC unit’s motor will receive no power and your AC won’t turn on at all. The harder your air conditioning system has to work to perform the job, the more energy the system will use. ⭐ How to Fix a Bad AC Capacitor May 4, 2022 · Though you can also identify a bad capacitor just by looking at it. It might last 3 months. Any indication of a small explosion from within the component is also a positive for a blown cap. Conclusion While it can be difficult to diagnose symptoms on a run capacitor before it goes bad, performing routine maintenance is one way to stop problems before they May 16, 2018 · An AC capacitor failure may be to blame. Download Article. Unscrew the side panel of your condenser unit to access the capacitor. Dec 14, 2010 · To install the new capacitors you’ll have to open up the holes in the motherboard, which most likely still have solder in them. Also, leaking fluid or a strong odor emanating from the capacitor is a warning sign. I once had a blown capacitor on my motherboard and didn't notice it until two days later when my computer stopped working. If the blades do not spin, that means you may have an obstruction inside of the unit or the motor has failed. May 14, 2022 · A capacitor is a device that is designed to store energy and provide it to your air conditioner during every cooling cycle. Technical questions about your defective television, projection screen, LCD/plasma, or any other type of video device. A burning or melting smell. Though unpleasant, the smoke is not harmful. In motherboa Apr 3, 2024 · One of the symptoms of a bad capacitor is a reduction in the clarity of bass and treble tones, which can result in a muffled or less-defined audio experience. AC Unit Won’t Start. Find or purchase the screwdriver from a hardware store. Jun 23, 2023 · 2. The part that is bad for homeowners is the simple fact that capacitors are a little bit like light bulbs. May 4, 2024 · 5. This means that is could be anywhere between 176μF and 264μF. 4. That overheating can be caused by the sun. It might last 3 years. It can get to be over 150 degrees on a hot summer day. Air Conditioner is not cooling the house. The big old school electrolytic caps you might find in an old stereo amp might leak and stink before they go entirely, but the teensy surface-mount ones on a modern motherboard tend to just kinda Jan 22, 2022 · Keep in mind that short cycling consumes lots of power and accelerates wear and tear. Electronic symbol. Capacitors are located near the motors for your system’s compressor, air handler, and outdoor fan. Mar 29, 2023 · If you need to buy wire nuts, get the Ideal 72B Blue wire nuts or equivalent size. Jun 19, 2023 · Bulging or Leaking Capacitors. Remove the capacitor: Use a screwdriver to remove the screw or clip holding the capacitor in place. First of all, capacitors are sensitive to overheating. To safely discharge a capacitor: After power is removed, connect a 20,000 Ω, 5-watt resistor across the capacitor terminals for five seconds. 12. The capacitor plague was a problem related to a higher-than-expected failure rate of non-solid aluminium electrolytic capacitors between 1999 and 2007, especially those from some Taiwanese manufacturers, [1] [2] due to faulty electrolyte composition that caused corrosion accompanied by gas generation; this often resulted in For smaller capacitors you will want to look for any burn marks or dried fluid near the capacitor as a sure sign of a failure. Dec 27, 2016 · For smaller capacitors you will want to look for any burn marks or dried fluid near the capacitor as a sure sign of a failure. A bad capacitor can emit a puff of acrid, black smoke. Sep 22, 2023 · Visually seeing a bad capacitor. One of the most common causes of a bad capacitor is overheated system circuitry. Over time, the internal dielectric material can deteriorate or degrade, causing pressure to build up within the capacitor. To do this check, we connect the ohmmeter’s probes to the capacitor’s terminals. At Blown Caps, we understand the frustration and inconvenience that arise when electronics fail due to faulty capacitors. Dismount the old capacitor and note how the wires are connected. Broken or cracks in the casing, damaged or any sign of burnt casing, a hole in the casing, or broken terminals mean that the capacitor needs to be changed. Look for a + or - sign. Jul 1, 2023 · This intense heat will turn the water into gas, which will build up pressure inside the capacitor and eventually cause it to blow up. However, they can go bad over time, causing a range of issues. If you visually inspect the capacitor and notice any bulging or swelling on the top or sides, it clearly indicates capacitor failure. Any humming noises indicate a problem with the air conditioning system or the components of the AC unit. Also, look for broken terminals or a burnt, cracked, or damaged casing. This is good for our customers because capacitors are comparatively inexpensive and quick to replace. When a cooling cycle begins, the start capacitors are used to provide an extra boost to those motors to help them start Apr 16, 2024 · 05-26-2024, 03:45 AM. That being said, here are the most common telltale signs of a bad microwave capacitor. The symptoms are easy to diagnose: if a Sep 16, 2021 · I'm trying to work out what this capacitor is as it looks like it's blown. Locate the capacitor and discharge the power. If the base of the capacitor Sound. Use your multimeter to confirm the capacitor is fully discharged. We, generally recommend that you replace all the capacitors unless you have a reliable way of testing the existing ones (like a tool called an ESR meter). Problems with the AC capacitor prevent your air conditioning system from performing as it should. This pressure can cause the capacitor casing to bulge or Oct 19, 2022 · The most common type of capacitor is the electrolytic capacitor. A sure sign of a bad AC capacitor is a humming sound from within the access panel. The Difference Between Start And Run Capacitors Both start and run capacitors are made the same way, but run capacitors are much more heavy-duty than start capacitors since a run capacitor is always used when the motor is running. In either case, it’s time to shut off the system and call in a professional HVAC technician to assess the situation. However, with old, sluggish solder, this often doesn’t work as desired. Can you smell a bad capacitor? A bad capacitor may emit a smell if it has suffered damage or has undergone a catastrophic failure. This is a clear indication that the capacitor is at fault. If you see one of these next to a terminal, the capacitor is polarized. 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